Diagnostic techniques for the detection of fecal occult blood as markers of colorectal cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22519/21455333.1447Keywords:
Hidden blood, Colon cancer, Stool, Colonoscopy, FecesAbstract
Background. The fecal occult blood test is a test that identifies minimal amounts of hemoglobin in stool that can originate in any part of the digestive tract. It is a screening test for detection of colorectal cancer. The aim of this article was to do a literature review, to determine the diagnostic performance of existing tests for fecal occult blood detection as a predictor of colorectal cancer. Method. The process of searching and analyzing the information was carried out by reviewing literature related to colorectal cancer, fecal occult blood test (chemical and immunochemical), specificity and sensitivity of these tests. Original articles and review articles published between 2008 and 2018 in English and Spanish were taken into account, as well as data reported in internationally recognized entities such as Globocan. For the search we used the databases Science direct, Proquest, SciELO, Elsevier, Ovid, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library. Conclusions. Diagnostic techniques for fecal occult blood detection were compared with colonoscopy and a good performance of these techniques was evidenced, since the occult blood tests in chemical stool showed a sensitivity between 30 % and 50 % and a specificity between 72 % and 98.1 %; from elsewhere, the immunochemical tests showed a sensitivity between 27 % and 94.6 % and a specificity between 65 % and 99 %.
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