Estrategias de innovación orientadas a la supervivencia de las pymes en tiempos de crisis: una revisión sistemática de literatura
Publicado 2024-04-20
Palabras clave
- Estrategias de innovación, PYMES, Crisis.
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Resumen
Crisis actuales como la desatada por la pandemia del COVID 19 afecto a las empresas de todos los sectores, pero especialmente a las pequeñas y medianas. En estos escenarios las organizaciones deben proponer estrategias de innovación orientadas a la supervivencia que en muchas ocasiones han implicado cambios en sus modelos de negocio. Por esta razón se planteó la revisión de literatura orientada a identificar como las pymes lograron mantenerse en el mercado gracias a la innovación, así como las ayudas efectivas recibidas por parte de entidades públicas y privadas. El estudio fue de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo. Se consultaron principalmente libros, informes, papers de conferencia y artículos de investigación. Se revisaron un total de 54 documentos, principalmente artículos resultados de investigación en las bases de SCOPUS y Google Schoolar publicados en el período 2018 a 2022. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentran que las pymes se enfocaron principalmente hacia el uso de la tecnología para facilitar la comercialización de sus productos, la búsqueda de financiamiento y la apertura de nuevos mercados. En conclusión, aunque en la mayoría de países los gobiernos plantean medidas de apoyo en muy pocos casos las pymes pueden acceder efectivamente a estos fondos. Es de resaltar que los nuevos retos en la época pospandemia requieren una integración efectiva entre los sectores público y privado. El estudio permite determinar cómo las pymes han afrontado crisis recientes como la del COVID 19 cuya naturaleza es diferente en comparación con otras financieras o políticas a nivel mundial. Generalmente se tienen mayores datos de empresas grandes que de empresas de menor envergadura.
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