Erg@omnes
type: channel
description: The Erg @ omnes Journal is the official publication of academic and scientific programs of the University Corporation Law Rafael Nunez. https://doi.org/10.22519/issn.2215-7379
publisher: Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez
language: en
publication name: Erg@omnes
issn: 1909-4027
copyright: Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional.
items: Active learning or traditional teaching at the upper secondary level: An exploratory review of teacher and student perceptions
items: The Forgiveness of the Mothers of Soacha, Victims of False Positives: An Analysis from the Philosophy of Hannah Arendt
items: Legal Research Through the Thought of Norberto Bobbio
items: Constitutional Review and the Constitutional Block in Colombia
items: Cactus Project: Strengthening interdisciplinary and research skills as a strategy for the co-construction of a sustainable environmental environment
items: Research on public administration in México
items: Contexts of Vulnerability and Criminal Responsibility: Associations Between Sociodemographic and Community Factors Among Youth in Bolívar
items: Forced Recruitment in Southern Bolívar: State-Level Tensions and Challenges for the Protection of Children in Colombia Between 2024 and the First Semester of 2025
items: Traffic Accident Mortality in the Department of Bolívar: Analysis for 2024 and the First Semester of 2025
items: Comparative Analysis of Suicide Frequency in the ZODES of the Department of Bolívar During 2024 and the First Semester of 2025
items: Territorial Dynamics of Human Trafficking in the Department of Bolívar
items: Territory in Dispute and Forced Displacement in Southern Bolívar – Magdalena Medio (2020–2024): An Analysis of Emerging Conflict Dynamics in the Post-Agreement Context
items: Challenges of the administration of justice in Bolivar: Analysis of the availability of judicial services in the Department of Bolivar 2023-2024
items: PRESENTACIÓN EDITORIAL
items: Access to Community Justice Through Communal Conciliation in the Department of Bolívar: In Pursuit of Peace and Social Cohesion
items: Trapped in Their Own Territory: Dynamics of Confinement and Armed Control in Southern Bolívar, Magdalena Medio (2018–2025)
items: Current status of the legal consultancy in cases of gender-Based violence
items: Artificial intelligence and its impact on human rights
items: Accountability and Digital Transformation in Rural Justice in Colombia
items: Legal research: A tool for building standards of justice
items: Political disaffection: towards a review of criteria to build indicators of attitudes of citizen disconnectionar.
items: Social Legal Ecosystem as a Tool for the Transformation of Citizen Culture for the Peaceful Solution of Social Conflicts and Access to Justice in the Department of Bolívar.
items: Contributions of Law 1905/18 in the ethical and knowledge dynamics of the legal profession in Colombia
items: Analysis of Legal Education Trends in Colombia: A View from Barranquilla
items: Menstruation and Barriers in the Workplace
items: Historical, Aesthetic, and Symbolic Values of the Production Centers of the Corregimiento de Barú as Cultural Heritage
items: Holistic analysis of the valuation of the illicit test according to the procedural law
items: Comparative Study on Human Security for Minors in Mexico and Colombia, Starting in 2020
items: Reparation for Victims in the Department of Atlántico within the Framework of the Comisión de la Verdad (“Truth Commission”)
items: Legal analysis of the constitutional guarantee of the right to health in Barranquilla (Colombia)

Active learning or traditional teaching at the upper secondary level: An exploratory review of teacher and student perceptions
type: item
description: The transition to active learning in upper secondary education represents a profound structural and epistemological challenge. This article develops a scoping review, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, aimed at analyzing the tensions, barriers, and perceptions of teachers and students regarding the dichotomy between traditional teaching and active methodologies. Through a systematic search in the Scopus database, 280 records were screened, establishing a final corpus of 20 high-impact qualitative and mixed-methods empirical studies. The analysis reveals three critical findings: 1) the persistence of a severe curricular tension, where the rigidity of syllabi and the pressure to meet standardized metrics inhibit methodological innovation; 2) marked teacher resistance at higher educational levels, anchored in directive pedagogical beliefs and exacerbated by administrative overload; and 3) a methodological shock among students, who face an initial deficit in self-regulation skills, but who, upon adaptation, significantly value the acquired autonomy and dynamism. It is concluded that the success of this transition goes beyond instructional change; it demands institutional restructuring that provides continuous scaffolding for teachers and socio-emotional support for students.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Active learning; Traditional teaching; Upper secondary education; Educational barriers; Scoping review.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hector Mario Luna Rivera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 79
ending page: 95
doi: 10.22519/22157379.2666

The Forgiveness of the Mothers of Soacha, Victims of False Positives: An Analysis from the Philosophy of Hannah Arendt
type: item
description: The phenomenon of "false positives" in Colombia represents one of the most serious expressions of human rights violations in the context of the armed conflict. This article analyzes the case of the Mothers of Soacha and their struggle for justice, examining this problem in the light of Hannah Arendt's theory of political forgiveness and evaluating the fulfillment of the ethical and political conditions that the author proposes so that forgiveness is legitimate. The methodology is qualitative and analytical, based on a documentary review of public hearings of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), official reports, testimonies of those responsible, and the text of the Eichmann trial. An analysis matrix was developed to contrast the conditions of forgiveness - full recognition of state responsibility and sincere repentance of the perpetrators - with the reality of the case. Finally, the results show that, although some perpetrators have expressed regret, full state recognition and comprehensive reparation are still insufficient, which limits the possibility of political forgiveness. Thus, it is concluded that for the Mothers of Soacha, forgiveness is only viable under the condition of justice, truth and memory.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: false positives; Mothers of Soacha; political forgiveness; Hannah Arendt; transitional justice; banality of evil
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Carlos Berrocal Duran
creator: Jaime Camilo Bermejo Galán
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 72
ending page: 78
doi: 10.22519/22157379.2665

Legal Research Through the Thought of Norberto Bobbio
type: item
description: Legal research has allowed us to expand knowledge regarding the world of law, recognizing and characterizing its functioning and, in turn, the regulations that govern the legal systems. Norberto Bobbio, through the general theory of law, has made contributions to the investigation of the legal norm and has highlighted the criteria that must accompany it to be considered fair, valid and effective. Therefore, it is important to interpret Norberto Bobbio's theory of the legal norm, specifically to describe the effectiveness of the legal norm according to Norberto Bobbio's theory; categorize the perception of the person regarding the effectiveness of law 2191 of 2020 on labor disconnection to recognize whether Norberto Bobbio's approaches are met and finally, analyze the effectiveness of the legal norm against law 1010 of 2006 on harassment labor to establish the correlation between the legal norm as a source of law and legal research. Using the hermeneutic paradigm, based on the mixed method, documentary type, using techniques such as surveys, the collection of documents, text review, laws and jurisprudence that allow supporting the concepts raised about the legal norm.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: workplace harassment, work disconnection, legal standard, formal sources, socio-legal research
  topic: keywords
creator: Margarita Rosa Rodelo Garcia
creator: Sandra Villa Villa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 60
ending page: 71
doi: 10.22519/22157379.2663

Constitutional Review and the Constitutional Block in Colombia
type: item
description: This article examines the design and functioning of constitutional review and the “block of constitutionality” in Colombia, emphasizing their role in safeguarding constitutional supremacy and protecting fundamental rights. It begins by reconstructing the historical and theoretical foundations of constitutional review, drawing on diffuse and centralized models as well as the origins of the mixed system established by the 1991 Constitution. The article then analyzes the main modalities of constitutional review in the Colombian legal order (centralized, diffuse, ex ante, ex post, abstract and concrete) and how they operate in constitutional case law. In a second step, it explores the emergence and evolution of the concept of the block of constitutionality, first articulated by the Constitutional Court in decisions such as Judgment C 225 of 1995 and further developed in subsequent rulings on human rights, international humanitarian law, participatory democracy and transitional justice. Finally, it presents landmark examples of the application of constitutional review and the block of constitutionality, highlighting their strengths and tensions, and discusses current challenges related to the scope of the block, the balance between judicial review and democracy, and the incorporation of new fields such as environmental law.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Constitutional review; Block of constitutionality; Constitutional supremacy; Mixed model of review; Public action of unconstitutionality; Exception of unconstitutionality
  topic: keywords
creator: Oriana Carola Cortes Bracho
creator: Camilo Barragán Morales
creator: Sergio Martínez Guerra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 49
ending page: 59
doi: 10.22519/22157379.2660

Cactus Project: Strengthening interdisciplinary and research skills as a strategy for the co-construction of a sustainable environmental environment
type: item
description: The cactus project, inspired by a sustainable garden, arose from the need to promote research initiatives to stimulate interest in environmental stewardship at the La Magdalena Educational Institution. It stemmed from real-world situations, such as adapting a space to beautify and increase green areas within the institution using cacti. This small and eye-catching species addressed the limited space available for green areas, and it also facilitated educational and interdisciplinary activities. The project had an impact on the educational community, encouraging participation in talks and awareness workshops that highlighted the importance of sustainable gardens and how cacti help conserve water. Collaborative workshops were planned on topics such as decorating flowerpots and assisting with the placement of irrigation systems. The research objective was to design a proposal based on technological tools that would strengthen interdisciplinary and research skills for the co-construction of a sustainable environment. For the development of the research, the Educational Action Research methodology was implemented in several stages: diagnosis, action strategies to offer alternative solutions, and evaluation of the results to reformulate new action strategies. Furthermore, the corresponding systematization of information was carried out, systematic feedback sessions were held with the community, and dissemination materials were generated to ensure the continuity of the project and to offer the opportunity for replication in other contexts. In this case, families can be encouraged to also become interested in creating their own sustainable environmental environment in their homes, as well as in other schools.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: co-construction
  topic: keywords
subject: interdisciplinarity
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Lilibeth Natera Consuegra
creator: Marcela Viviana León García
creator: Emmanuel De Jesús Herrera Mercado
creator: Maribel Sofía Morales Camacho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 41
ending page: 48
doi: 10.22519/22157379.2659

Research on public administration in México
type: item
description: This study examines the configuration and evolution of public administration research in Mexico through a mixed-methods documentary analysis of Scopus data spanning 1998–2024. Drawing on a corpus of 98 documents (94 original articles and 4 reviews) published in English and Spanish by authors affiliated with Mexican institutions—identified via the Scopus query TITLE-ABS-KEY("public management") AND AFFILCOUNTRY("Mexico") AND (DOCTYPE ar OR re)—we computed descriptive bibliometric indicators using Scopus’s "Analyze search results" module, generated author keyword co-word maps with VOSviewer, and conducted thematic documentary analysis to identify subcategories and emergent topics. Findings reveal sustained growth in output, peaking in 2019 with null production in 2001 and 2007, alongside heavy thematic concentration in social sciences (48.8%) and business and management (21.5%). The field's cognitive structure coalesces around three core subcategories—state action, public services, and societal interests—yielding key topics including public administration, management and public policy, professionalization, public sector, health, citizen participation, public works, economy, science and technology, and politics. Author productivity exhibits marked concentration, with two scholars each contributing five publications. These results illuminate pathways for field consolidation while highlighting gaps—such as interdisciplinary voids and longitudinal voids—and opportunities for future inquiry into underrepresented domains like digital governance and intersectoral collaboration
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: bibliometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Mexico
  topic: keywords
subject: public management
  topic: keywords
subject: co-word maps
  topic: keywords
creator: Claudia Margarita Marin Latournerie
creator: Astrid Eugenia Patrón Heredia
creator: Patricia Georgina Llamas-Villarreal
creator: Carlos F. Miranda-Medina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-06
publication date: 2025-12-06
starting page: 25
ending page: 40
doi: 10.22519/22157379.2657

Contexts of Vulnerability and Criminal Responsibility: Associations Between Sociodemographic and Community Factors Among Youth in Bolívar
type: item
description: This article proposes a sociolegal analysis of the Adolescent Criminal Responsibility System (SRPA) in Bolívar, Colombia, with an emphasis on juvenile criminological vulnerability and its relationship to sociodemographic, social, and community factors. It defends a restorative and social approach within a framework of rights and justice for children and adolescents, drawing on Zaffaroni's theory and key jurisprudence such as ruling C-740/08. The research combines a documentary review and quantitative analysis of official data from 2024 and 2025, obtained from the ICBF (National Criminal Investigation Commission) and the Judicial Branch, to describe SRPA admissions, crime patterns, gender distribution, and geographic location. The RAD method integrates regulations, doctrine, and empirical data and is organized into two phases: a heuristic approach to collecting legal, doctrinal, and statistical information, and a hermeneutic approach to qualitative critical analysis supported by descriptive and comparative temporal approaches. The findings show a marked gender inequality with male predominance (e.g., 136 men versus 9 women among 145 cases in August 2025) and a geographic concentration of crime in vulnerable neighborhoods of Cartagena (Olaya Herrera, La María, Nelson Mandela, Boquilla), indicators of persistent community vulnerability and an increase in cases from 2024 to 2025 that suggests structural failures in prevention. Relevant social factors include incomplete education (mainly between 6th and 9th grade), complex family dynamics, psychoactive substance use and geographic origin from the Caribbean, with the majority of adolescents between 15 and 20 years old and a high level of PAS use (approximately 83% in a sample of 30), with early onset between 11 and 12 years old. Thus, it is concluded that the SRPA in Bolívar reflects structural vulnerability linked to sociodemographic and community factors, reproduces gender biases, and concentrates interventions in areas…
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Contexts of vulnerability, Criminal responsibility of adolescents, juvenile justice, Education and consumption of psychoactive substances.
  topic: keywords
creator: Marlene Carmona Herrara
creator: Darío Andres Uribe Arrieta
creator: Bexi Cruz Torrado
creator: José Ángel Gómez Puentes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 223
ending page: 244

Forced Recruitment in Southern Bolívar: State-Level Tensions and Challenges for the Protection of Children in Colombia Between 2024 and the First Semester of 2025
type: item
description: This article presents a socio-legal analysis of the forced recruitment of children and adolescents (NNA) in the southern region of Bolívar, Colombia, during the 2024–2025.1 period. Through a mixed methodological approach combining documentary and legal review, descriptive analysis, and qualitative examination of institutional sources, it explores the tension between the legal framework for child protection and the realities of rural territories affected by armed conflict. Findings show that, despite normative progress and commitments stemming from the Peace Agreement, the forced recruitment of minors remains a persistent practice in municipalities. These areas face structural conditions of poverty, social exclusion, geographical isolation, and weak state presence, which facilitate the operation of illegal armed groups. The study also identifies the existence of a local “rebelocracy,” where armed actors regulate community life and use recruitment as a mechanism of control. The results highlight the urgent need to strengthen public policies, institutional action, and comprehensive child protection in post-conflict contexts.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Forced recruitment, children, armed conflict, south of Bolívar, human rights, rebelocracy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Samia Samira Salinas Blanco
creator: María Angelica Arrazola Olano
creator: Carolina Escobar Flórez
creator: Javier Doria Arrieta
creator: Rocío M. González Navarro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 205
ending page: 222

Traffic Accident Mortality in the Department of Bolívar: Analysis for 2024 and the First Semester of 2025
type: item
description: In Colombia, deaths from external causes (such as homicides, suicides, traffic accidents, and other accidental deaths) represent one of the main categories used by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) to analyze mortality affecting social security and coexistence. Among these, traffic accidents stand out as one of the most frequent and lethal expressions of this type of mortality. These events pose a major public health challenge due to their direct impact on life expectancy and social protection. Traffic accidents occupy a prominent place in Colombia, concentrating a high number of victims, particularly in municipalities with medium and low income levels. In this context, road accidents are recognized as a critical issue, with more than 60% of fatalities involving motorcyclists, according to the National Road Safety Observatory (ONSV, 2024). Following this line, Breilh (2013) argues that these preventable deaths reflect deep social and structural inequities in territorial organization and life protection, emphasizing road infrastructure improvement as a key factor for their reduction. The National Road Safety Plan 2022–2031 has promoted education and control programs; however, results still reveal institutional gaps, limited civic culture, and weaknesses in public policy effectiveness. Therefore, local scientific evidence is needed to guide targeted interventions. In the department of Bolívar (where motorcycles are a primary means of transport), the situation is particularly concerning due to intense mobility, the rapid growth of the vehicle fleet, and structural deficiencies in the road network. Municipalities such as Cartagena and Magangué show a critical scenario marked by population growth, transport informality, and the lack of safe infrastructure, creating high-risk conditions for the population. This article aims to provide a clear and updated diagnosis to support decision-making by local authorities, transport agencies, an…
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Traffic accidents, Mortality, Public health, Road safety
  topic: keywords
creator: Estefanía Monroy Balza
creator: Diego Jimenes Tamayo
creator: Carlos Almanza Agamez
creator: Orlando Luis Dunoyer Arroyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 177
ending page: 204

Comparative Analysis of Suicide Frequency in the ZODES of the Department of Bolívar During 2024 and the First Semester of 2025
type: item
description: Suicide constitutes a public health problem of global scope and growing impact in Colombia. In the department of Bolívar, the territorial organization into Zonas de Desarrollo Económico y Social (ZODES, or Socioeconomic and Development Zones) provides an appropriate framework for analyzing internal differences in the occurrence of this phenomenon. The present study aims to compare the frequency of suicides between the ZODES with the highest and lowest burden during 2024 and the first semester of 2025. This article was developed under a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and comparative design. The units of analysis were the ZODES of Bolívar, and the information sources included suicide cases identified through databases published by official entities responsible for mortality registration, such as the National Institute of Forensic Medicine. Additionally, data from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) were used, including records of deaths by external causes and municipal population projections. The variables analyzed included territory (ZODES and municipality), sex, age, and educational level of the deceased individuals, as well as the methods used and the temporal distribution of the cases. Based on these indicators, the study identified the ZODES with the highest and lowest frequency of suicides, the monthly and weekly behaviors of the phenomenon, and the predominant sociodemographic characteristics of the affected population.The results show a marked concentration of cases in the Northern ZODES, particularly in Cartagena de Indias, along with a higher prevalence among adult men and the predominance of hanging as the main method. These findings reveal territorial and social inequalities that shape distinct risk scenarios and provide essential elements for designing prevention strategies tailored to local contexts, thereby strengthening the understanding of suicide as a complex and socially determined phenomenon.It is expected …
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Suicide, Public health, Social determinants of health, Territorial inequalities, ZODES.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Milena Guerra
creator: Claudia Patricia Cueto
creator: Karina Del Carmen Curí
creator: Javier Doria Arrieta
creator: Carlos Almanza Agamez
creator: Orlando Luis Dunoyer Arroyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 156
ending page: 176

Territorial Dynamics of Human Trafficking in the Department of Bolívar
type: item
description: This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the territorial dynamics of human trafficking in the department of Bolívar, articulating Johan Galtung's theories of direct, structural, and cultural violence, and Henri Lefebvre's theories of the social production of space. The study demonstrates that trafficking is not an isolated crime, but rather the embodiment of structural violence such as endemic poverty, lack of opportunities, and institutional weakness that shape high-risk and vulnerable territories. Through a qualitative documentary analysis method, which triangulates sources such as early warnings from the Ombudsman's Office, monitoring reports from municipalities such as Montecristo, Arenal, Morales, Río Viejo, San Martín de Loba, and Santa Rosa del Sur, and academic production, the research identifies clearly defined victimization profiles. The findings confirm an alarming feminization and juvenilization of the crime, disproportionately concentrating on women, girls, and adolescents, whose age range for sexual exploitation is between 16 and 22 years. A strategic focus is highlighted on the Venezuelan migrant population, whose economic precariousness and lack of support networks are exploited by captors. The trafficking modalities projected for the 2024-2025 period, driven by Organized Armed Groups such as the AGC and the ELN, mainly include sexual exploitation in commercial establishments under debt bondage regimes, the forced recruitment of minors to strengthen their structures within the framework of the armed conflict, and labor exploitation in illicit economies such as illegal mining. While institutional responses are observed, such as the activation of Municipal Committees to Combat Trafficking, the study concludes that these efforts are predominantly reactive and insufficient to transform the structural conditions that give rise to the problem. Therefore, eradicating this scourge requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach, focused on social…
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Human trafficking, socio-territorial vulnerability, forms of exploitation, migration crisis, structural violence, direct violence, cultural violence.
  topic: keywords
creator: Amparo Castillo Castelar
creator: Cecilia María López Camargo
creator: Milton Buelvas Mendoza
creator: José Ángel Gómez Puentes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 125
ending page: 155

Territory in Dispute and Forced Displacement in Southern Bolívar – Magdalena Medio (2020–2024): An Analysis of Emerging Conflict Dynamics in the Post-Agreement Context
type: item
description: The study analyzes the evolution of forced displacement in the southern part of the Bolívar Department, in the Magdalena Medio region, between 2020 and 2024. It identifies the influence of the territory on the increase of victimizing events related to forced displacement, the persistence of armed conflict, and disputes over social and economic control. Using a quantitative approach, official records from the UARIV and population data from DANE were processed. A comparative matrix by municipality was developed, allowing for the analysis of annual evolution and cumulative intensity of displacement. The results show a high concentration of displacement in Arenal, Morales, and Santa Rosa del Sur, forming a humanitarian pressure axis linked to illicit economies, gold mining, and territorial control disputes involving Post-FARC groups, the ELN, and the AGC. Cantagallo, San Pablo, and Simití display sustained upward trends, suggesting preventive displacements in response to the escalation of violence. Territorial analysis confirms that forced displacement operates as a persistent strategy for spatial reconfiguration and political-economic control. The findings highlight the need to strengthen institutional capacities and early prevention strategies to address a phenomenon that continues to reshape post-agreement dynamics in southern Bolívar.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Human rights, forced displacement, armed conflict, territory, post-agreement
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibeth Castro
creator: Melissa Vibanco
creator: Tahis Martinez Beltrán
creator: Javier Doria Arrieta
creator: Rocío M. González Navarro
creator: Valeryn Villarreal Blanco
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 101
ending page: 124

Challenges of the administration of justice in Bolivar: Analysis of the availability of judicial services in the Department of Bolivar 2023-2024
type: item
description: The administration of justice in Bolívar faces the challenge of judicial congestion, a phenomenon that limits procedural efficiency and weakens citizen trust in institutions. In response, the modernization and digitalization processes implemented in 2024-2025 have sought to offer solutions, although doubts persist about their limitations and opportunities. In this context, the central question arises: what limitations and opportunities do these processes present for addressing judicial congestion, ¿and how do they impact the effectiveness of the implemented decongestion measures? To answer this question, the general objective was to evaluate these limitations and opportunities, with specific objectives aimed at characterizing resolution times before and after digitalization, analyzing the statistical relationship between the digitalization of procedures and the reduction in backlogged cases, and comparing the coverage of employee welfare programs with levels of congestion and their impact on institutional legitimacy. The research is framed within a socio-legal perspective that conceives law in interaction with social and cultural factors, with a quantitative approach based on the analysis of official data from the Judicial Branch. Using a deductive method, in its descriptive-prescriptive dimension, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to measure the real impact of digitalization and workplace well-being, allowing for the proposal of recommendations that strengthen the decongestion and institutional legitimacy of justice in Bolívar.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Administration of Justice, Judicial Congestion, Decongestion, Access to Justice, Bolívar.
  topic: keywords
creator: José Luis Padilla Cotes
creator: Javier Doria Arrieta
creator: Ingrid Montes Alvarino
creator: Kaleth David Serrano Puello
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 53
ending page: 100

PRESENTACIÓN EDITORIAL
type: item
description: Celebramos con esta edición especial de la Revista Erg@omnes, el inicio de la consolidación del CENTRO DE OBSERVACIÓN E INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL DE BOLÍVAR – COISBOL-, como un actor relevante dentro del territorio bolivarense, liderando un espacio interinstitucional e intersectorial dedicado a la recepción, procesamiento, análisis y difusión de información estratégica sobre fenómenos sociales que afectan la convivencia, la seguridad y el acceso a derechos en el territorio, y en tal virtud, llamado a hacer parte fundamental del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SNCTI), que tiene al Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación como ente rector. En la búsqueda de esa meta surge, enhorabuena, esta alianza entre COISBOL y UNINÚÑEZ, esta última actuando a través de las capacidades técnicas, metodológicas, profesionales y disciplinares de los Grupos de Investigación Derecho Público (COL0022413) adscrito al Programa de Derecho; Trabajo Social, Derechos Humanos y Desarrollo Sustentable (COL0155699) adscrito al Programa de Trabajo Social; Huellas Pedagógicas (COL0076183) adscrito al Programa de Licenciatura en Educación Inicial y a la Especialización en Educación y Diversidad, y Sistemas Neurodifusos (Código COL0024614), adscrito a los Programas de la Facultad de Ingenierías de Sistemas. El norte viene dado por el Plan de Desarrollo Departamental “BOLÍVAR ME ENAMORA 2024–2027” del Gobernador YAMIL ARANA PADAUI, dentro de los Objetivos Estratégicos y apuestas orientadas a la Línea Estratégica BOLÍVAR ME ENAMORA CON SEGURIDAD Y CONVIVENCIA CIUDADANA, que es hoy por hoy, una prioridad en el departamento de Bolívar, y que se consolida con el componente de Seguridad, Convivencia y Cultura Ciudadana, Programa Centro de Observación e Investigación Social de Bolívar COISBOL, que tiene como indicador de producto “Aumentar el flujo de información, conocimiento y el análisis sobre el estado de la convivencia y la seguridad ciudadana a través de la generación de informa…
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: CENTRO DE OBSERVACIÓN E INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL DE BOLÍVAR – COISBOL
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Alberto Almanza Agámez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Access to Community Justice Through Communal Conciliation in the Department of Bolívar: In Pursuit of Peace and Social Cohesion
type: item
description: This article analyzes the role of the coexistence and conciliation committees of Community Action Boards (JACs) in access to community justice in the department of Bolívar, Colombia. It identifies the factors that facilitate or limit access to community justice and proposes strategies to strengthen the JACs, and in particular the Coexistence and Conciliation Committees that practice community conciliation, to improve access to community justice and promote peace and social cohesion in the department of Bolívar. To this end, socio-legal research with a qualitative approach was employed, using strategies such as participatory workshops and narrative research, including first-person accounts to gain firsthand understanding of the subject of study. The results show that community conciliation is a mechanism that strengthens community justice and guarantees effective, pluralistic, and democratic access to justice in the territories of the department of Bolívar. Strategies are proposed for the institutional strengthening of the JAC and the CCC, in order to optimize community justice mechanisms and consolidate sustainable peace processes in the department of Bolívar.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Community justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Action Boards
  topic: keywords
subject: coexistence and conciliation commissions
  topic: keywords
subject: peace
  topic: keywords
subject: social cohesion.
  topic: keywords
creator: Aniano Morales Blanco
creator: Ingrid Montes Alvarino
creator: Ana Rocío Campo Ochoa
creator: Greisy Carolina Ruiz Caicedo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 25
ending page: 52

Trapped in Their Own Territory: Dynamics of Confinement and Armed Control in Southern Bolívar, Magdalena Medio (2018–2025)
type: item
description: Confinement in Southern Bolívar represents one of the most persistent and least visible expressions of the Colombian armed conflict. This article analyzes its evolution between 2018 and 2025 using official and humanitarian sources —the Unit for Victims (UARIV), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), and municipal authorities— to identify territorial trends, armed actors, and institutional limitations in reporting. The findings reveal a marked concentration of confinement in municipalities such as Santa Rosa del Sur, Morales, and Arenal, where illicit economies, armed presence, and weak local governance converge. Comparing the data exposes significant discrepancies: while UARIV records indicate relative stability, OCHA and local reports portray a more dynamic humanitarian reality characterized by underreporting and delayed response. From a political and social perspective, confinement emerges as a territorial control mechanism that restricts mobility, fractures community networks, and perpetuates structural vulnerability among the civilian population.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: confinement
  topic: keywords
subject: territory control
  topic: keywords
subject: armed conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: forced
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibeth Castro
creator: Melissa Vibanco
creator: Tahis Martinez Beltran
creator: Milton Buelvas Mendoza
creator: Liz Dayan Mena Flórez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 3
ending page: 24

Current status of the legal consultancy in cases of gender-Based violence
type: item
description: This paper analyzes how the Rafael Núñez University Corporation (UNINUÑEZ) strengthens the specific competency of socio-legal research by including legal counsel in the research training process. From a more specific perspective, it is important to highlight that in Colombia, gender-based violence is a persistent social problem with a devastating impact that perpetuates discrimination and inequality. In this context, university legal counsel are essential for future lawyers to gain practical experience, while also providing a vital solution for those without access to private legal representation.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Gender-based violence
  topic: keywords
subject: gender approach
  topic: keywords
subject: discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: legal advice
  topic: keywords
creator: Diana Patricia Arce Grisales
creator: Greisy Carolina Caicedo Ruiz
creator: Irenes Cabarcas Baldovino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 24

Artificial intelligence and its impact on human rights
type: item
description: The relationship between artificial intelligence and human rights is a central issue in the problems of ethics and the impact of technology in society today, so significant challenges arise that are related to the protection of human rights, since the inappropriate or unregulated use of artificial intelligence can generate discrimination, exclusion and violation of them, that said, the objective of this article is to know how artificial intelligence has developed in relation to human rights and what impact has arisen because of this new digital tool, thus using the analysis method, the relationship of AI with human rights is known, one of the main conclusions of this work is that it is necessary to guarantee the ethical and responsible use of AI, through regulatory frameworks to protect human rights.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Manuel Ávila Silva
creator: Fenyase Yushue Castrejón Castro
creator: Omar García Rodríguez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-06
publication date: 2024-12-06
starting page: 106
ending page: 128

Accountability and Digital Transformation in Rural Justice in Colombia
type: item
description: This research examines the impact of CONPES 4070 accountability strategies on digital transformation to ensure justice access in rural Colombia. These regions face significant gaps in connectivity, technological infrastructure, and digital skills, perpetuating exclusion and limiting citizen participation in digital judicial services. The main objective was to analyze how these strategies can overcome such barriers within an Open State framework. Methodologically, the research employed a documentary and analytical approach, reviewing CONPES 4070 guidelines and secondary data from DANE and Latinobarómetro. Key issues included the digital divide—with only 23.9% of rural households connected compared to 66.6% in urban areas—the lack of judicial system interoperability, and sociocultural barriers restricting justice access. Results highlight that these challenges hinder the effectiveness of proposed strategies, affecting transparency and citizen engagement. It concludes that implementing CONPES 4070 strategies requires a territorialized approach, integrating technological infrastructure improvements, digital literacy programs, and inclusive participation mechanisms to ensure equitable and sustainable digital justice access.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Digital justice
  topic: keywords
subject: accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: digital divide
  topic: keywords
subject: rural areas
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: citizen participation
  topic: keywords
creator: Karen Vanessa Peláez Lozada
creator: Ricardo Antonio Sánchez Cárcamo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-05
publication date: 2024-12-05
starting page: 82
ending page: 105

Legal research: A tool for building standards of justice
type: item
description: For decades, society has faced various geopolitical conflicts, which are related to the conception of good or evil in humanity, and the way in which justice is implemented in it. Likewise, different doctrines have been debated on the true meaning of a just society; some of them consist of the use of reason, the use of rational arguments for the study of dilemmas or moral conflicts that may arise, and so on. Likewise, emphasis is placed on legal research, with the purpose of studying in detail the factors that influence the rules that govern a given society and to determine whether they are really fair for the individuals who live in that social environment. This research is justified in the analysis of the existence of the different standards of justice, applying legal research, because it plays a fundamental role nowadays, since it is a tool that allows a study of the norms that govern a certain society. In this research, a hermeneutic paradigm is used, qualitative method, inductive approach, presenting a documentary type of research and with secondary sources of information. In conclusion, it is determined that legal research allows establishing the due standards of justice in a society.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: legal research
  topic: keywords
subject: reason
  topic: keywords
subject: freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: morality
  topic: keywords
creator: Nathalie Segrera Mendoza
creator: Omar Hernández Mercado
creator: Sandra Irina Villa Villa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 67
ending page: 81

Political disaffection: towards a review of criteria to build indicators of attitudes of citizen disconnectionar.
type: item
description: Political disaffection, a growing phenomenon in democratic systems, reflects apathy, distrust, and rejection toward political structures. This study examines criteria and methodological approaches for constructing more precise indicators to measure this phenomenon. Through a bibliographic review and a comparative taxonomy, key dimensions of disaffection—such as institutional trust, political participation, and democratic perception—are analyzed. Data from surveys like the Latinobarometer and Americas Barometer were used to identify patterns and statistical relationships that deepen the understanding of this issue. The findings highlight the importance of a unified approach to measuring political disaffection, integrating dimensions such as democratic illegitimacy, electoral abstention, political disinterest, and institutional distrust. A composite index is proposed, assigning weights to each dimension, enabling comprehensive and adaptable evaluation across diverse democratic contexts. This work emphasizes the need to harmonize questions and criteria among international surveys to facilitate comparative and longitudinal analyses. Practically, the study underscores that political disaffection not only represents a symptom of democratic erosion but also poses a critical challenge to the legitimacy of contemporary democracies. Implementing public policies that enhance institutional trust and promote active citizen participation is essential to counteract this phenomenon.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Political disaffection
  topic: keywords
subject: Political indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Americas Barometer
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Salcedo Díaz
creator: Miguel Acosta Rocha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 43
ending page: 66

Social Legal Ecosystem as a Tool for the Transformation of Citizen Culture for the Peaceful Solution of Social Conflicts and Access to Justice in the Department of Bolívar.
type: item
description: Our country, being a Social State of Law, is in constant evolution with respect to the recognition without discrimination of all rights, guaranteeing the principles of equality and solidarity framed, protected and recognized universally and constitutionally.In this context, the social legal ecosystem plays a fundamental role in the transformation of citizen culture and the resolution of social conflicts. Therefore, this research project aims to analyze the influence of the social legal ecosystem as a tool for transforming citizen culture for conflict resolution in the Department of Bolívar, in order to understand its impact on the promotion of justice and equality in the region.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Ecosystem
  topic: keywords
subject: social legal
  topic: keywords
subject: citizen culture
  topic: keywords
subject: social conflicts
  topic: keywords
subject: transformation tools
  topic: keywords
creator: Ingrid Montes Alvarino
creator: José Manuel Yepes García
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-06
publication date: 2024-11-06
starting page: 29
ending page: 42

Contributions of Law 1905/18 in the ethical and knowledge dynamics of the legal profession in Colombia
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the contributions that Law 1905/18 makes to the ethical dynamics and knowledge in the legal profession. The period of time taken as a reference is the year 2024. Law 1905/18 is a norm that caused two aspects. of thoughts, firstly those who are in favor of controlling the ethical practices and knowledge of legal professionals and on the other hand the people who do not agree that an examination has to be carried out of suitability to obtain the lawyer card, so to know the contributions that Law 1905/18. The methodology used in the research was mixed, in which quantitative techniques were mixed, such as a survey carried out on the population of recently graduated lawyers and law students from the last three semesters, in order to know the real perspectives of the students. and legal professionals, the qualitative techniques used were to first establish a fairly robust state of the art where previous research helped to complement and argue the specific objectives, to achieve the final development of the set objective.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Professional suitability exam
  topic: keywords
subject: Lawyers
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: legal knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Asialina Marina Yong Peña
creator: Jorge Mejia Turizo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-29
publication date: 2024-11-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 28

Analysis of Legal Education Trends in Colombia: A View from Barranquilla
type: item
description: The central objective of this article is to analyze the current trends in legal education in Colombia, especially from the perspective of the universities located in the District of Barranquilla. To do this, we will start by examining the state of legal education and the employment of lawyers in the national and international spheres, in order to gradually profile the analysis towards the state of legal education in Barranquilla, and more specifically in the Rafael Núñez University Corporation, Barranquilla headquarters.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Legal education
  topic: keywords
subject: new trends in law
  topic: keywords
subject: study plans
  topic: keywords
subject: job prospects
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Almanza Agamez
creator: Rosana Anaya Capone
creator: Farid Hurtado Malo
creator: Juan Carlos Berrocal
creator: Carlos Ricardo Cardona Gaviria
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-27
publication date: 2022-12-27
starting page: 124
ending page: 164

Menstruation and Barriers in the Workplace
type: item
description: Menstruation is a natural cause that women present month after month and that may contain emotional and/or physical symptoms. Because of this, women present an impediment to be able to correctly carry out their work activities. The menstrual leave allows women to be granted leave during their menstrual period. Necessarily because of the consequences that currently afflict women in the world of work. Emphasizing that neither in Mexico nor Colombia at the national level in both countries, has this law been tested, which would advance the rights of all working women. Analyzing what would be the impact of it in the workplace in the aforementioned countries. Pointing out the objective, it is important to mention that the rights protected would be the sexual and reproductive rights of women, promoting the development of equity and gender equality that go hand in hand with the issue of health and hygiene. Both in Colombia and in Mexico, they seek to guarantee justice and comply with giving each citizen what corresponds to them. With this research it is possible to interpret and understand about the problem that afflicts working women, the consequences that result and the points of view that have been given in articles whose characteristics are similar to the subject, showing tables and statistics that enrich the investigation. using the hermeneutic historical paradigm and the inductive research method. Thanks to the investigation of the Menstrual License, the existing problem will be observed.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Menstrual leave
  topic: keywords
subject: sexual and reproductive rights
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
subject: workplace
  topic: keywords
creator: Sandra irina villa villa
creator: Karen Ballestero Rodríguez
creator: Yizela Caballero Luquez
creator: José Luis Palomares Castillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-11
publication date: 2023-12-11
starting page: 124
ending page: 139

Historical, Aesthetic, and Symbolic Values of the Production Centers of the Corregimiento de Barú as Cultural Heritage
type: item
description: To appreciate and identify the historical, aesthetic and symbolic values of the production centers allows us to memorize the origin and patrimonial development of the town of Baru. The production centers, also popularly known as kilns, were the source of supplies for the elaboration of lime and bricks, which allowed the emergence of the most complete set of fortifications in all of South America, located in the imposing city of Cartagena de Indias. To promote actions of cultural appropriation of the production centers is a task that contemplates the construction of local traditions and histories, proper of the territory and of the community of Baru, for such reason, it is erroneous to think that these structures are simple secondary constructions, but that they are part of historical inheritances that entail to foment a sense of individual and collective belonging, that helps to maintain the memory associated to these places with a unique and incomparable patrimonial wealth.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural landscape
  topic: keywords
subject: production centers
  topic: keywords
subject: fortifications
  topic: keywords
creator: Ingrid Montes Alvarino
creator: Georgina De León Vargas
creator: Karolay Soto Castro
creator: Wendy Ramírez Vergara
creator: José Gómez Puentes
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-04-16
publication date: 2024-04-16
starting page: 102
ending page: 123

Holistic analysis of the valuation of the illicit test according to the procedural law
type: item
description: In the present work the object and organs of the test are analyzed according to the Mexican penal legislation from the descriptive, analytical and correlational perspective of the procedural regulation. With this, it starts from the historical, natural and human theory, analyzing the objects and facts, rights and exceptions; As well as the holistic notion of proof. Evidence is the backbone of any process, with which the judge issues his sentence accompanied by due motivation, which is a constitutional requirement and subject to the international treaties to which Mexico is a party.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Proof
  topic: keywords
subject: Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Criminal law
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial system
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Alberto Garza de la Vega
creator: Carlos Álvarez González Álvarez González
creator: Carlos F. Miranda-Medina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-11
publication date: 2023-12-11
starting page: 70
ending page: 101

Comparative Study on Human Security for Minors in Mexico and Colombia, Starting in 2020
type: item
description: Human security is a problem that hurts society, however, it does it daily and sometimes prefers indifference and silence towards the subject. In the review made of scientific articles on the issue in recent years, the factors that cause child abuse are found, such as: the family itself, economic issues, alcoholism, etc., by parents or guardians and how causes the main vulnerabilities of children's rights. That is why it is implemented as a general objective, to propose the elements of a culture of peace and human security such as knowledge of Human Rights and resilience to reduce violence in minors; on the other hand, there are also 2 (two) specific objectives, raised in the introduction.This article is justified every time it looks at the lack of social commitment on the part of governments, which continues to pose a serious threat to the development of human security, specifically in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 and the scarce comparative research work between the countries of Mexico and Colombia. A quantitative methodological approach was applied, including the review of scientific articles for the state of the art. An instrument was built for the survey technique through the SPSS program, thus remaining with a degree of reliability of Cronbach's Alpha .930. To conclude, the verification of the hypothesis is null, in both countries Human Security is not given to minors.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Human Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Children and Violence
  topic: keywords
creator: Jenifer Paola López Rojas
creator: Juan Carlos Berrocal Duran
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-11
publication date: 2023-12-11
starting page: 55
ending page: 69

Reparation for Victims in the Department of Atlántico within the Framework of the Comisión de la Verdad (“Truth Commission”)
type: item
description: Justice, in general terms, can be understood as a value that assumes that all people must be treated fairly and receive what corresponds to them. It is a basic ethical concept, essential for the functioning of any society and problem, and helps people who have or had violent situations to human rights, thanks to them the case about what happened to the victims is carried out. The general objective is to describe what is the cause for not repairing the victims in the Department of Atlántico within the framework of the truth commission. This article is justified because it is important to highlight, disseminate and analyze the relationship of the JEP entity with the truth commission and how it intends to guarantee the right to the truth, reparation to victims and non-repetition. The Methodology to be used in this article is the Historical Research Paradigm with a Quantitative - Qualitative Approach the research method Inductive the type of research. Documentary and descriptive history of the population and sample. The techniques to be used are non-probabilistic, the survey and the interview - the source of obtaining the information - The testimonies of users and officials regarding the operation of the JEP will be used as sources of information. At the end of the necessary investigations, we found that in the JEP and the truth commission, there were advances that undoubtedly granted peace agreements and victims.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: Reparation
  topic: keywords
subject: Victims
  topic: keywords
subject: Department of Atlántico
  topic: keywords
subject: Truth Commission
  topic: keywords
creator: Megani Giselle Arellano Tovanche
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-11
publication date: 2023-12-11
starting page: 34
ending page: 54

Legal analysis of the constitutional guarantee of the right to health in Barranquilla (Colombia)
type: item
description: The tutela action as a constitutional action for the guarantee of human rights, currently constitutes one of the most significant advances of the Colombian Constitution of 1991. However, given the nature of its applicability and the search for comprehensive justice, the delay in resolution processes in health matters can in turn affect fundamental rights, as well as their guarantee. The foregoing is the basis of this research, which analyzes the constitutional guarantee of the right to health in Barranquilla (Colombia). Methodologically, the research analyzed primary and secondary sources, and within the conclusions the appropriation of the concept of health in the Colombian legal framework stands out: a right that needs to advance, a barely conceived noesis.
subject: Artículos
  topic: section
subject: fundamental right to health
  topic: keywords
subject: health system
  topic: keywords
subject: guardianship action
  topic: keywords
subject: social security system in health
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Camilo Carrillo Berdejo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 33